a) Define computer software with examples.

Computer software is a collection of instructions, data, or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks. Software is categorized into system software and application software.
Examples:

1. Microsoft Word (application software)
2. Windows Operating System (system software)

b) Write any 4 functions of system software.

1. Managing hardware resources like the CPU, memory, and storage.
2. Providing a user interface (e.g., GUI or command-line).
3. Running and managing application software.
4. Handling system security and file management.

c) What is utility software? Write any two utility programs.

Utility software is a type of system software designed to help manage, maintain, and control computer resources. It performs specific tasks related to managing the computer’s performance and efficiency.
Examples:

1. Antivirus software
2. Disk Cleanup tool

d) Write the difference between a compiler and an interpreter.

1. Compiler: Translates the entire source code into machine code at once before execution. It generates an executable file.
2. Interpreter: Translates and executes code line-by-line, without producing a separate machine code file.

or (write any two)

e) How does application software differ from system software?

1. Application Software: Designed to help users perform specific tasks like word processing, spreadsheet calculations, or gaming (e.g., Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop).
2. System Software: Designed to manage and operate computer hardware, providing a platform for application software to run (e.g., Windows, macOS).

f) List any two advantages and any two disadvantages of customized software.

      Advantages:

1. Tailored to meet specific needs of the user or organization.
2. Offers better integration with existing systems.

        Disadvantages:

1. High development cost and time.
2. Requires specialized maintenance and support.

g) Why is packaged software called general-purpose software?

Packaged software is called general-purpose software because it is designed to perform a wide range of common tasks that cater to the needs of many users, rather than being tailored to a specific function.

h) Write short notes on firmware.

Firmware is specialized software that is embedded into hardware devices like routers, printers, and embedded systems. It provides low-level control over the device’s specific hardware and is often stored in the device's ROM or flash memory. Firmware is essential for basic device functionality and is usually upgradable.

i) What is open-source software? Write two open-source graphics software.

Open-source software is software with source code that is freely available for anyone to inspect, modify, and enhance.
Examples of open-source graphics software:

1. GIMP
2. Inkscape

j) Mention the advantages of open-source software.

1. Cost-effective, as it is usually free to use.
2. Flexibility and customization, since users can modify the code according to their needs.
3. Community support with frequent updates and improvements.

k) Define desktop apps with two examples.

Desktop apps are software applications that are installed directly on a computer’s operating system and run locally without needing an internet connection.
Examples:

1. Microsoft Word
2. Adobe Photoshop

l) Write about web apps with two examples.

Web apps are applications that run in a web browser and rely on internet access to function. They don’t require installation on the local computer.
Examples:

1. Google Docs
2. Canva

m) Differentiate between web apps and desktop apps.

1. Web Apps: Run in a web browser, need an internet connection, and do not require installation (e.g., Google Docs).
2. Desktop Apps: Installed on a computer and can run without an internet connection (e.g., Microsoft Word).

n) Discuss the types of mobile apps.

1. Native Apps: Developed specifically for a particular operating system (e.g., Android, iOS). They offer better performance and access to device features.
2. Web Apps: Mobile-optimized versions of websites, accessible through a browser and requiring internet access.
3. Hybrid Apps: Combine features of both native and web apps. They are built using web technologies but wrapped in a native container for better device compatibility.

Very Short Answer Questions 

a) Write two examples of packaged software.

1. Microsoft Office
2. Adobe Photoshop

b) Is Linux an operating system software?

Yes, Linux is an operating system software.

c) Write the name of any two utility software.

1. Disk Cleanup
2. Antivirus software

d) What is the purpose of a compiler?

A compiler translates high-level source code into machine code, enabling the program to run on a computer.

e) Is QBASIC an interpreter-based language?

Yes, QBASIC is an interpreter-based language.

f) Write two high-level programming languages.

1. Python
2. Java

g) Who develops tailor-made software?

Tailor-made software is developed by software developers or specialized software development companies according to specific client requirements.

h) Give the name of two engineering software.

1. AutoCAD
2. MATLAB

i) Are open-source software payable?

No, most open-source software is free to use, though some may offer paid versions or services.

j) What type of software is Google Docs?

Google Docs is a web application software.

k) What is a mobile app?

A mobile app is a software application designed to run on smartphones, tablets, or other mobile devices.

l) Write two advantages of web apps.

1. Accessible from any device with an internet connection.
2. No need for installation or updates by the user.

m) Write the related open-source software for Microsoft Word and Microsoft Access.

1. Microsoft Word: LibreOffice Writer
2. Microsoft Access: LibreOffice Base